Phytochemicals in Goji Berries by Ye Xingqian; Jiang Yueming;

Author:Ye, Xingqian; Jiang, Yueming;
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Taylor & Francis Group
Published: 2020-06-05T00:00:00+00:00

Table 11.6

Free Radical Scavenging Activities of Goji Berries

ABTS µmol/g

DPPH µmol/g

ORCS µmol/g

FeOH-RSC µmol/g

PhOH-RSC µmol/g

Brand I

54.5

14.3

180

1.3

470

Brand II

60

18.5

260

1.2

590

Brand III

61

13.9

230

1.6

630

11.3.2 In Vitro Cell-Based Antioxidant Function

Long exposure (24 h) of goji berry ethanol extracts has more Hepa 1c1c7 cell protective function than short (30 min) exposure. . In this study, H2O2 had cytotoxicity on Hepa 1c1c7 cells, but dried goji berries produced in the Ningxia Hui autonomous region of China had potent cytoprotective effects on H2O2 toxin-exposed Hepa 1c1c7 cells. Lycii Fructus extract (LFE) increasing the concentration of Nrf2 and AhR in Hepa 1c1c7 cells. Nrf2 and AhR can induce the expression of antioxidants and respectively reduced glutathione- a tripeptide antioxidant and cytochrome p450 Xu et al. (2018). .

N-trans-caffeoyl dopamine is a hydroxyl cinnamic acid amide of goji berries. This has proven to be anti-inflammatory in one in vitro experiment. It decreased lipopolysaccharides induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells. Along with these amide derivatives, Wang et al. (2017) also discovered N-trans-caffeoyl dopamine (5), N-trans-feruloyl phenethylamine (6), N-trans-feruloyl dopamine (11) and N-3,4-dihydroxyhydrocinnamoyl tyramine (15) in goji berries. The molecular mechanism of goji anti-inflammatory functions is yet to be elucidated. N-trans-feruloyltyramine (FLA) compound from goji berry decreased the expression of aP2 and JNK signaing in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 263.7 cell lines. Jiang et al. (2015) experimentally proven that FLA downregulating the mRNA levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2). Goji berry extracts also decreased reactive oxygen species formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells . Wu et al.(2012) explained this molecularly as goji decreasing the NfkB-TF-mediated oxidative stress.

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